State departments of transportation
The anchor of the market and the row everyone already works. The large lettings, the long corridor programs and the multi-year construction engineering contracts all start here, and the selection cycle is published, so the timing of the work is public knowledge. The split that matters inside the row is not the department but the district, because the district carries the program and the people who remember how the last job went.
Who decides: the district or region construction engineer who carries the program, with a central consultant selection unit running the scoring.
Who blocks it: prequalification. In most states, Illinois and Indiana among them, a firm that is not prequalified in the category does not reach the shortlist, however good the proposal.
52 departments
one in every state, plus DC and Puerto Rico. Illinois and Indiana: one each. Together they own about 291,000 of the country's roughly 624,000 highway bridges.